Cybersecurity Threats in Maritime for 2025

The maritime industry in 2025 faces an increasingly complex and dynamic cybersecurity landscape. As digital systems, automation, and global connectivity deepen across vessels and port facilities, the risks posed by cyber threats have never been more significant. Dryad Global forecasts that mitigating these threats will require robust defences, proactive intelligence, and comprehensive industry expertise to ensure resilience and operational continuity. 

Read on for Dryad Global's 2025 cyber security trends report. Our analysts cover:

What are the biggest cybersecurity threats facing the maritime industry in 2025?

How can AI and large language models be used in maritime cyberattacks?

What are supply chain cyberattacks, and how do they affect maritime operations?

Why are operational technology (OT) systems vulnerable in the maritime sector?

What are the cybersecurity risks associated with autonomous vessels?

How do state-sponsored cyberattacks target maritime infrastructure?

What is hybrid warfare, and how does it impact global maritime security?

What steps can maritime operators take to enhance cybersecurity in 2025?

Why do smaller maritime operators struggle with cybersecurity compliance?

How can maritime companies protect against AI-driven cyberattacks?

Emerging Cyber Threats 

Cybercriminals are leveraging advanced technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI) and large language models (LLMs), to conduct more adaptive and precise attacks. These innovations allow the creation of sophisticated zero-day exploits and phishing campaigns that evade traditional detection methods. Ransomware remains a dominant threat but is evolving into more targeted attacks aimed at crippling critical systems in vessels and ports. Supply chain attacks are also becoming a significant concern, as interconnected maritime operations present multiple points of vulnerability.

Operational Technology (OT) Vulnerabilities 

OT systems, which govern essential shipboard functions such as navigation, propulsion, and cargo handling, remain a major focus for attackers. Many of these systems rely on outdated software and lack modern cybersecurity measures, making them highly susceptible to breaches. Additionally, the growing interconnectivity of IT and OT systems introduces cascading risks, where a single breach can disrupt both operational and digital environments. Direct attacks on OT systems could result in vessel immobilisation, navigational failures, or safety incidents, making the security of these systems a top priority. 

State-Sponsored Cyber Operations 

Geopolitical tensions are driving a surge in state-sponsored cyber operations targeting maritime infrastructure. These attacks often focus on disrupting global trade, destabilising economies, or asserting dominance in contested regions such as the South China Sea and the Arctic. Hybrid warfare tactics, where cyber campaigns precede or accompany physical confrontations, are expected to rise, posing complex risks to maritime stakeholders. 
 

Autonomous Systems and Automation Risks 

The adoption of autonomous vessels and automated port operations introduces new vulnerabilities. Cyber attackers may exploit unsecured software, communication systems, or autonomous drones to disrupt operations or gain control over critical systems. Securing these emerging technologies is essential to maintaining the safety and efficiency of future maritime operations.